POPE Francis has abolished the obligation of secrecy for those who report having been sexually abused by a priest and for those who testify in a church trial or process having to do with clerical sexual abuse.
ìThe person who files the report, the person who alleges to have been harmed and the witnesses shall not be bound by any obligation of silence with regard to matters involving the case,î the Pope ordered in a new Instruction On the Confidentiality of Legal Proceedings,î published December 17.
In an accompanying note, Bishop Juan Ignacio Arrieta, secretary of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts, said the change regarding the ìpontifical secretî had nothing to do with the seal of the sacrament of confession.
ìThe absolute obligation to observe the sacramental seal,î he said, ìis an obligation imposed on the priest by reason of the position he holds in administering the sacrament of confession and not even the penitent can free him of it.î
The instruction was published by the Holy See along with changes to the already-updated Sacramentorum Sanctitatis Tutela (ìSafeguarding the Sanctity of the Sacramentsî), the 2001 document issued by St John Paul II outlining procedures for the investigation and trial of any member of the clergy accused of sexually abusing a child or vulnerable adult or accused of acquiring, possessing or distributing child pornography.
In the first of the amendments, Pope Francis changed the definition of child pornography.
Previously the subject was a person under the age of 14.
The new description of the crime says, ìThe acquisition, possession or distribution by a cleric of pornographic images of minors under the age of 18, for purposes of sexual gratification, by whatever means or using whatever technology.î
In describing the procedural norms for how the tribunal of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith is to be composed and conducted, Pope Francis has removed the requirement that the legal representative of the accused be a priest. The law now reads: ìThe role of advocate or procurator is carried out by a member of the faithful possessing a doctorate in canon law, who is approved by the presiding judge of the college.î
But the abolition of the pontifical secret over the entire Vatican process is the greatest change made.
And, not only are victims and witnesses free to discuss the case, the amended law specifies that the still-in-effect obligation of Vatican officials to maintain confidentiality ìshall not prevent the fulfilment of the obligations laid down in all places by civil laws, including any reporting obligations, and the execution of enforceable requests of civil judicial authorities.î
Archbishop Charles Scicluna, adjunct secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and the Churchís chief abuse investigator, said the new law made clear that ìanybody who discloses misconduct or a crime and anybody who is impacted by the misconduct or the crime, and the witnesses, should never be subject to a vow or a promise of silence on the fact that they have reported.î
The new law, he said, explicitly stated peopleís ìmoral dutyî to cooperate with civil authorities in reporting and investigating the crime of abuse.
ìMoreover, there is an obligation not to bind people who disclose misconduct or crimes by any promise or vow of silence,î he said.
Archbishop Scicluna described as an ìepochal changeî the popeís decision to drop the ìpontifical secretî ñ the highest level of confidentiality.
ìThat means, of course, the question of transparency now is being implemented at the highest level,î he said.
The new rules do not mean that documents from abuse investigations and trials will be made public, he said, but ìthey are available for authorities, or people who are interested parties, and authorities who have a statutory jurisdiction over the matter.î
In the past, when a government or court asked the Vatican for information on a case, the response usually was that the material was covered by ìpontifical secret.î
Now, Archbishop Scicluna said, once ìall the formalities of international lawî were fulfilled, communication with other authorities ìand the sharing of information and documentation are facilitated.î
In September 2017, members of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors asked Pope Francis to reconsider norms maintaining the imposition of ìpontifical secretî in the Churchís judicial handling of clerical sex abuse and other grave crimes.
The secret ensures cases are dealt with in strict confidentiality.
Experts have said it was designed to protect the dignity of everyone involved, including the victim, the accused, their families and their communities.
But when Pope Francis called the presidents of the worldís bishopsí conferences to the Vatican for a summit on the abuse crisis in February, victims and experts alike urged a revision of the policy.
Linda Ghisoni, a canon lawyer and undersecretary for laity at the Dicastery for Laity, the Family and Life, told the summit removing the pontifical secret from abuse cases would reverse a situation or the impression of a situation where secrecy ìis used to hide problems rather than protect the values at stake,î including the confidentiality of the victims and the right of an accused to a fair trial.
CNS
